Marcus Cocceius Nerva, First of Romes Good Emperors

Marcus Cocceius Nerva, First of Rome's Good Emperors Marcus Cocceius Nerva (November 8, 30 CEâ€January 27, 98 CE) administered Rome as ruler from 96â€98 CE following the death of the much-abhorred Emperor Domitian. Nerva was the first of the five great rulers and was the first to embrace a beneficiary who wasnt part of his natural family. Nerva had been a companion of the Flavians without offspring of his own. He assembled water passages, chipped away at the vehicle framework, and fabricated silos to improve the food gracefully. Quick Facts: Marcus Cocceius Nerva Known For: Well-respected and regarded Roman emperorAlso Known As: Nerva, Nerva Caesar AugustusBorn: November 8, 30 CE in Narnia, Umbria part of the Roman EmpireParents: Marcus Cocceius Nerva and Sergia PlautillaDied: January 27, 98 CE at the Gardens of Sallust, RomePublished Works: Lyric poetryAwards and Honors: Ornamenta Triumphalia for military serviceSpouse: NoneChildren: Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Trajan, the legislative leader of Upper Germany (adopted)Notable Quote: â€Å"I have done nothing that would forestall me setting out the magnificent office and coming back to private life in safety.† Early Life Nerva was conceived November 8, 30 CE, in Narnia, Umbria, north of Rome. He originated from a long queue of Roman blue-bloods: his extraordinary granddad M. Cocceius Nerva was delegate in 36 CE, his granddad was a notable representative and companion of Emperor Tiberius, his moms auntie was the incredible granddaughter of Tiberius, and his distant uncle was a mediator for the head Octavian. While little is known about Nervas instruction or adolescence, he didn't turn into a military expert. He was, be that as it may, notable for his wonderful compositions. Early Career Nerva, following in his familys strides, sought after a political profession. He became praetor-choose in 65 CE and turned into a counsel to Emperor Nero. He found and uncovered a plot against Nero (the Pisonian intrigue); his work on this issue was noteworthy to the point that he got military triumphal distinctions (however not an individual from the military). Likewise, sculptures of his similarity were put in the castle. Neros self destruction in 68 prompted a time of tumult here and there called the Year of Four Emperors. In 69, because of obscure administrations rendered, Nerva turned into a representative under Emperor Vespasian. In spite of the fact that there are no records to help the suspicion, it appears to be likely that Nerva proceeded as delegate under Vespasians children Titus and Domitian until the year 89 CE. Nerva as Emperor Domitian, because of schemes against him, had become an unforgiving and wrathful pioneer. On September 18, 96, he was killed in a royal residence connivance. A few students of history theorize that Nerva may have been associated with the connivance. In any event, it appears to be likely that he knew about it. Around the same time, the Senate broadcasted Nerva head. At the point when designated, Nerva was at that point very much into his sixties and had medical problems, so it was far-fetched he would run for long. What's more, he had no kids, which brought up issues about his replacement; it might be that he was chosen explicitly in light of the fact that he would have the option to handpick the following Roman ruler. The underlying long stretches of Nervas initiative concentrated on changing Domitians wrongs. Sculptures of the previous ruler were wrecked, and Nerva conceded acquittal to numerous whom Domitian had banished. Following custom, he executed no congresspersons yet did, as indicated by Cassius Dio, â€Å"put to death all the slaves and freedmen who contrived against their masters.† While many were happy with Nervas approach, the military stayed faithful to Domitian, to some degree as a result of his liberal compensation. Individuals from the Praetorian Guard opposed Nerva, detaining him in the royal residence and requesting the arrival of Petronius and Parthenius, two of Domitians professional killers. Nerva really offered his own neck in return for those of the detainees, yet the military cannot. At last, the professional killers were caught and executed, while Nerva was discharged. While Nerva held force, his certainty was shaken. He spent a significant part of the rest of his 16-month rule endeavoring to settle the domain and guarantee his own progression. Among his accomplishments were the commitment of another gathering, fixing streets, water systems, and the Colosseum, dispensing area to poor people, decreasing assessments forced on Jews, founding new laws constraining open games, and practicing more prominent oversight over the spending plan. Progression There is no record that Nerva wedded, and he had no natural youngsters. His answer was to embrace a child, and he chose Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Trajan, the legislative head of Upper Germany. The appropriation, which occurred in October of 97, permitted Nerva to mollify the military by choosing a military officer as his beneficiary; simultaneously, it permitted him to combine his authority and assume responsibility for the regions in the north. Trajan was the first of many embraced beneficiaries, huge numbers of whom served Rome amazingly well. Actually, Trajans own administration is now and then portrayed as a brilliant age. Passing Nerva had a stroke in January 98, and after three weeks he kicked the bucket. Trajan, his replacement, had Nervas remains put in the tomb of Augustus and requested that the Senate exalt him. Heritage Nerva was the first of five heads who administered the greatest days of the Roman Empire, as his administration set up for this time of Roman brilliance. The other four great rulers were Trajan (98â€117), Hadrian (117â€138), Antoninus Pius (138â€161), and Marcus Aurelius (161â€180). Every one of these sovereigns hand-chose his replacement through selection. During this period, the Roman Empire extended to incorporate the north of Britain just as segments of Arabia and Mesopotamia. Roman development was at its tallness and a steady type of government and culture extended over the whole realm. Simultaneously, be that as it may, the legislature turned out to be progressively concentrated; while there were advantages to this methodology, it likewise made Rome increasingly defenseless over the long haul. Sources Dio, Cassius. Roman History by Cassius Dio distributed in Vol. VIII of the Loeb Classical Library version, 1925.The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. â€Å"Nerva.† Encyclopã ¦dia Britannica.ï » ¿Wend, David. Nerva. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors.

LINGUISTICS Essays - Articles, Academic Disciplines, Linguistics

Etymology The word Linguistics' has been gotten from the Latin lingua (tongue) and istics (information or science). Etymologically, along these lines, phonetics is the logical language. However, it is the examination not of one specific language yet of human language all in all. It examines language as an all inclusive and conspicuous piece of human conduct. It endeavors to portray and examine language. The field of phonetics includes under-remaining of the spot of language in human life, the manners by which it is sorted out to satisfy the necessities it serves, and the capacities it performs. So phonetics is that science which considers the birthplace, association, nature and improvement of language graphically, verifiably, nearly and expressly, and figures the general standards identified with language. Diachronic (authentic) phonetics considers the improvement of language through history, through time, for instance, the manner by which French and Italian have advanced from Latin. Phonetics, along these lines, is the science that depicts and groups dialects. The etymologist distinguishes and depicts the units and examples of the sound framework, the words and morphemes, and the expressions and sentences, which is the structure of language, as totally, precisely, and monetarily as could be expected under the circumstances. Etymological LEVELS Etymology levels' methods the degrees of language structure. There is an extensive contrast among the linguisticians about the number and wording of semantic levels. Robert Hall (1969: 32) suggests the levels-phonology (phonemics-phonetics), morphology and punctuation. R.H Robins (1971: 11) specifies phonology, punctuation and semantics. Hockett (1973: 137-138) advocates the accompanying five levels which he calls subsystems: The Grammatical System: a load of morphemes, and the courses of action wherein they happen; The Phonological System: a load of phonemes, and the assignments where they happen; The Morphophonemic System: the code which integrates the linguistic and the phonological framework; The Phonemic System: the manners by which successions of the phonemes are changed over into sound waves by enunciation of a speaker, and are decoded from the discourse signal by a listener; The Semantic System: This partners different morphemes, and game plans in which morphemes can be put, with things circumstances, or sorts of things and circumstances. Hockett calls the initial three of the above focal subsystem, and the last two fringe subsystems. Such a naming of names, be that as it may, ought not lead one to disarray. There are no essential contrasts about the structure of language. Such an order is finished by the language specialist for comfort in the investigation of the topic, for example language which is an intricate marvel. Every one of these levels are between related parts of his topic, frequently covering. Any division or grouping ought not be treated as inflexible or murky. An etymologist needs to depict human language, and individuals don't utilize only each degree of it in turn. There are three parts of language movement, or three kinds of example in language, the material, the auxiliary and the natural prompting three separate phonetic levels-SUBSTANCE, FORM AND CONTEXT. The substance is the crude material of language; sound-related (PHONIC substance) or visual (GRAPHIC substance). The structure is the association, the inner structure, it is language + lexis. The setting is the connection among structure and circumstance, which we call meaning (Semantics). The semantic science needs to clarify language at all these levels. These levels are clarified beneath: Phonics. Phonics is the investigation of discourse forms including the life structures, nervous system science and pathology of discourse, the verbalization, arrangement and impression of discourse sounds. Phonetics is an unadulterated science and need not be concentrated corresponding to a specific language, however it has numerous functional applications for example in phonetic translations, language showing language training, correspondences building. A few phoneticians believe phonetics to be outside the focal center of semantics legitimate, however most would incorporate it under the heading etymology science'. The semantic parts of phonetics, i.e., the investigation of sound frameworks of specific dialects are a piece of phonology. - 32385033655 The investigation of phonetics can be isolated into three primary branches, ARTICULATORY PHONETICS, the investigation of the development of the discourse organs in the verbalization of discourse, ACOUSTIC PHONETICS, the investigation of the physical properties of discourse sounds, for example, recurrence and abundancy in their transmission, and AUDITORY PHONETICS, the investigation of hearing and the discernment discourse sound. Research facility Phonetics.

A Chances Thread That Is Actually Worth Reading

A ‘Chances’ Thread That Is Actually Worth Reading Our beloved Mollie shares a birthday with another friend of mine, and I recently discovered that they also happen to be getting married on the same day. My comment to Mollie: Wow, you guys are going to share not only a birthday but an anniversary! What are the chances? Most people who use the expression what are the chances in casual conversation arent really looking for a precise answer; theyre just trying to express that something is rare or unlikely to happen. But I work at MIT, you see which means that on a daily basis Im not surrounded by most people, Im surrounded by MIT people. This is a good thing for many, many reasons, not the least of which is emails like this: From: Mollie Burgoon To: Ben Jones Date: Feb 5, 2007 8:02:55 PM EST Subject: You know youre an MIT grad when I was thinking about your question and briefly started to consider the factors I would need to put numbers to, in order to figure out the chances. I am a sad, sad case. For the record: 1. I dont think theres too much of a bias toward births on different dates, so presumably the odds that I would have the same birthday as any random person is 1/365. (Update after way too much figuring: Actually, youre less likely to be born in February than in other months, so given that Im born in February, the odds are only about 0.002696 = 1/370.86 that someone will be born on my birthday, vs. an average of 0.00274 = 1/365 for the year as a whole.) 2. Theres definitely a bias toward September weddings, and a bias toward Saturday weddings, so given that were both getting married this year, its not horribly unlikely that wed be getting married on the same day (probably not too far from 1/12 i.e. every Saturday in June, July, and September). 3. BUT youd have to figure that its unlikely that wed be getting married in the same year Im significantly below the female median marriage age of 25.3. Im not sure how to figure that one in. So the answer is something close to 1/370.86 * 1/12ish * some factor accounting for the likelihood that wed be getting married in the same year. (And I suppose, given that many people dont even get married, some factor accounting for the likelihood of getting married at all.) 3 statistics. -Mollie I really love this place. In part I love it because of what is here, but mostly I love it because of who is here. Of course youll find cool people in other places too, but enough of them to build a whole culture around this stuff? Lets just say the chances are slim. ;-)

The Slave Ship And Impression Sunrise Two Masterpieces Of...

The Slave Ship and Impression Sunrise two masterpieces of Art History Olen Henderson C100 December 1,2016 Course Mentor Group Turner s The Slave Ship, in addition to Monet’s Impression Sunrise, each collectively are a couple of masterpieces of the nineteenth century that examine the interpretation of colors in addition to motion. They may be intricate works that can be both identified as the face of artistic techniques; The Slave Ship is widely seen as a Romantic portrait becoming an outstanding illustration for the Sublime revolution, while on the other hand, Impression Sunrise is the earliest portrait recognized in the Impressionist age. Both styles are revolutionary artworks with approaches that a majority of individuals had never examined before. Although the artworks comprise of numerous things in common, both are specifically different from each other. Turner is identified as being a Romantic who desired to depict fictional in addition to nonfictional artwork. The Slave Ship was not a straightforward portrait to create a ship at sea, but nevertheless, the approach as well as the time that immortalized a perception in the historical past that encapsulates man s commitment of inhumanity. The Slave Ship signifies a spot in time in our past where a captain made the decision to hurl overboard slaves which had been dead in addition to dying to claim that the shipmates were lost while at sea. Turner established a portrait that is not basically spectacular but inShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLeale Senior Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters

Global Warming And Climate Change - 1136 Words

While the authorities, organizations and governments are working to control global warming and climate changes, human activities that create changes is increasing day by day. A change or rise is the average temperature on the surface of the earth is called climate change or global warming. Agriculture has always been extremely depended on climate variations; reason, the crop growth is fair temperature, solar radiations, and precipitation. Typically the period after the industrial revolution, humans has been changing the worldwide climate. The burning of the fossil fuel, increasing greenhouse gases is the main reason for the global climate change and warming. Deforestation and unusual agriculture are another kind of the human activities†¦show more content†¦The agricultural production pattern has been changed because of the rising temperature, the productivity has been boosted after the increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, 25 per cent of the climate chan ge is by the agriculture itself. All-included, global warming and climate change can consequence in the variety of impacts in agricultures. And, the potential power of microscopic organism does get affected by the ultra violet radiations. Within two decades, the estimated temperature will rise by 2 degree Celsius. Climate change is the main contributing factor for the sea level rising. Polar ice caps are helping to rise the sea level, by the rising temperature the caps are melting every second. The continuous raising of sea level would overwhelm some of the precious agricultural lands around the coast, landslides, erosions and many more. Bangladesh is one of the south Asian country where sea level rise will affect badly after the rise of temperature. With, intense hot temperature and raising sea level, Bangladesh will face extreme cyclones menacing food productions, as well as incomes, and lives and will be forced to live in poverty. An scientific report cited Bangladesh, one of the â€Å"potential impact hotspots† and menacing by â€Å"extreme river floods, more intense tropical cyclones, rising sea levels and very high temperatures† (the world bank). Reports warns, rainfall will leave many agricultural

Statement of Goals and Choices Free Essays

This project clearly shows mages that have a positive view on math and science but a negative view of English. The reason being is because I wanted to show what most people In the united States think about English. The use of black and white pictures was to show that the matter at hand is serious and that it is black and white, meaning that there is two sides you can choose. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Goals and Choices or any similar topic only for you Order Now This effectively forces the audience to automatically start thinking about which side they will choose. Making this exactly what I wanted to achieve, to make people think deeply about education. Pictures having people who hate reading represent the stress that comes along with the subject of English. Other pictures give a real feel to the audience because the pictures show actual facts, people, or things that represent emotions and connotations In the realm of education. No matter how far fetched the pictures were I was able to connect them to the goal of getting English to be a more sought after subject. My audience for this project was very broad. I chose to target the entire united States. This seemed necessary because children aren’t able to choose things for themselves their whole lives but when they get older propaganda they have seen will still have an affect on them. So, If parents were to see the posters the hope would be that they would be able to help the process of their child being more Involved with English. Other audience members would include everyone from the President down. The broad audience to me was a way of having some type of call to action to citizens and officials alike. This medium was chosen because I felt that the more original and authentic the project was people would make personal connections. I think that personal connection Is the most effective way to Influence and educate someone. If they feel that they are a part of the argument it may lead to them doing their own research. Other projects such as; videos, blobs, and digital posters did not appeal to me. The reason being is because I am talking about English needing to be the more important subject in schools. Sing technology seemed a little hypocritical and the affect that he plain black and white photos have on people Is perfect. Mediums other than mine did not feel’ right. This lead me to Just doing something simple because that Is naturally to most people. The ability to be literate is a rarity in the world, why do most people take it for granted. This project shows exactly what message I was trying to get across and its simplicity makes people over look the depth of each photo. Which in turn makes them wonder and think, which is all that is needed when trying to influence people. How to cite Statement of Goals and Choices, Papers

Strategic Analysis Of Estia Health Aged Care †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Analysis Of Estia Health Aged Care. Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared to conduct strategic analysis of an Australian public listed company that is Estia Health aged care by focusing on business of residential aged care. Discussion incorporates the background information of organization in terms of its size, history, ownership business scope, major markets and major products and services of selected organization. Macro environmental analysis of industry in which Estia Health aged care operates is demonstrated in the report and this will assist in drawing implications for organization in terms of opportunities and threats. Competitive analysis of industry is undertaken using the model of Porters five forces. Resources providing sustainable competitive advantage to business are identified by the application of VRIO that helps in determining strategic capabilities of organization. Background information on Estia Aged Health care: History: Estia Health Aged care (EHC) is one of the largest aged care providers to resident of Australia that was established in year 2005 (estiahealth.com.au 2018). Organization is historically present in four states of Australia that is Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia and the group is well positioned to pursue and identify opportunities for acquisition in each of these states. 88% of residential aged care is placed in these four states of Australia. Prior to merger of company in year 2014, the company has a history of expanding into number of facilities and places where it operated (estiahealth.com.au 2018). Business components and aggregate number of places of Estia increased to 3203 in year 2014 compared to 1264 in year 2008. In year 2015, Estia entered into contracts for acquiring further five facilities and the expansion have been achieved via the expansion of existing facilities, acquisitions and new facilities development. Increased revenue per bed and increa sed occupancy rates have been achieved by acquisition of nine facilities and development of further three facilities over the period of 2012 to 2014 (Gioia, 2014). Major products and services: Focus of organization is to provide resonate choices to families and residents, helping in organizing program for families, straightforward services by creation of family codes. The family code is incorporate some elements such as always approachable, creating happiness, pushing limits, generating daily best and saying something by seeing something. Dedicated services and increased bed proportion are the focus of organization in terms of their services and products (E. Dobbs, 2014). Well being and health- Entertainers and concerts Active games, bus trips and air and crafts Guided and physic exercise Religious services Clinical care- Personal care 24 hour nursing care Occupational and physiotherapy Arranging on site visits for external medical practitioners Administrative pharmaceutical and woundmanagement Dining and nutrition- Dining and family meals Nutritional requirement and dietary needs Major markets: Estia aged health carries out its operation in fragmented and growing industry and the expanding existing facilities of business intends to provide beneficial opportunities to company. Organization has market capitalization of $ 931.51 million. In the current scenario, organization operates in four states of Australia with the target of reaching 10000 beds through targeted acquisitions and development of strong organic pipeline by year 2020 (estiahealth.com.au 2018). Care requirement in the country will be driven by increased age of residents and with increase in industry growth, Estia is required to grow at double rate. Size and Business scope: The organization has 5910 operating place, have more than 700 employees and 68 facilities across New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Story of its rapid and recent growth is based upon three residential aged business consolidations and each of it having modern facilities, strong reputation and experiencedmanagement (estiahealth.com.au 2018). Objectives of Estia are to provide their customers with aged care services with highest standards in a supporting, innovative and caring environment. Supporting regional networks of home across Australia, using corporate centres for delivering their results, state of art clinical care utilization, people and financial system are the operational efficiency of organization. These would help in ensuring that the group serves complex and higher quality services with increase in demand. Some of the fundamental concepts for fulfilling the purpose of organization are providing quality care using specialized healthcare terms, innova tion, access to helpful advice and providing caring and inclusive experience that aged care in meeting the needs of aged family. Estia health has many homes in several states of Australia, they are well placed for meeting the demand of increasing healthcare, and they have a well-defined and clear strategy for enhancing the existing home and increasing bed capacity. Company for driving future earnings undertook a material capital-spending program and this would help in business enhancement (Dess et al., 2016). In order to focus on high quality assets, the organization recognized the needs for stabilizing business and strategy refinement. Macro environmental analysis: Macro environmental factors influencing the operations of Estia Aged Healthcare are evaluated using the PESTEL analysis. Political factors- Health care in Australia is a joint responsibility of state and federal government and the political framework of the healthcare sector is in state of unrest. The potential for future cooperative arrangement between healthcare organizations and federal government is undermined by the budget outcome that is representing massive shift in cost to states. The state of political environment is impacted by change in Commonwealth arrangement and ending their traditional form as they are exposed to sovereign risk (Bettis et al., 2016). Operations oh healthcare companies such as Estia is impacted by the political conditions prevailing in Australia. Increased cost for government might reduce the access of health care organizations to government funding. Economic factors- The highest performing sector economically is the healthcare sector of Australia. Growth of healthcare sector is double the pace of growth of gross domestic product of country. In terms of public private partnership and ability of healthcare sector to attract overseas talent, Australia is ranked top three. In order to serve Australian public and to become strong contributor to economic development, healthcare companies are required to consider their roles by boosting their research and development potential and reducing unnecessary expenditures (Jenkins et al., 2017). Socio-cultural factors- The practice and operations of healthcare companies is impacted by two main changes in social environment. Ageing of the population is the first factor followed by a big sociological shift influencing residents to move to individualized care. Current healthcare system requires drastic change due to prevailing unsustainability. Mandating co payment for medical care is likely to increase medical cost for families. However, funds generated from mandating of co payment will help in expanding medical research by assigning capital fund (Barney Hesterly, 2015). Leadership of Estia is also affected by culture and educational level of Australian residents. Therefore, it is essential for Estia to revise the strategies in increasing medical cost for acquiring strong customer base. Technological factors- The advancement in modern technology has considerable impact on healthcare industry of Australia. There is an increased scope for expanding use of technologies that will bring variations in cost effectiveness of companies. Accelerating ageing population, income growth, and expectation of communities, subsidised consumer price will place increased pressure on public and private health system resulting from interaction of technological advances with increasing health services demand that are driven and bet available treatment will make a potential mix (Certo et al., 2016). In recent years, medical technology advancement have been a major driver of increased health spending and this has contributed to increased spending on part of health organization on technologies and thereby reflect a significant increase un number of people being treated and improved treatment. Environmental factors- The health system of Australia is great compared to other countries and the environmental factors are now aligned and present due to shifting to patient centric and coordinated care. The income of traditional healthcare providers is threatened by shift in preference for localised care. Complying of organization with environmental laws will help in reducing carbon emissions and comes with several health benefits for population. Organizations operating in healthcare industry should comply with the environmental laws and standards (Frynas Mellahi, 2015). Legal factors- Operations and business of healthcare industry is influenced by legal factors of region where the organization is operating. Some of the laws impacting the operations of organization such as Estia healthcare in Australia are antitrust law, copyright, health and safety law, data protection law, discrimination law and consumer protection. Healthcare practitioner is required to comply with privacy policies. Privacy act of Australia set out the principles that are applicable to public and private healthcare service providers. Any overseas hiring of healthcare talent should have proper disclosure and practitioners are obliged to make confidentiality of patients (Henderson et al., 2017). Industry analysis: The analysis of industry of residential health age care is done by the application of Porters five forces. It is a tool of strategicmanagement for understanding the level of competitive forces of industry and accordingly help in development of strategy. Suppliers bargaining power- For themanagement of business of health organization such as Estia heath care, this particular variable is utmost critical. Most of companies in heath organization buy their equipments from numerous suppliers. Margins earned by organizations in industry can be reduced if the suppliers are in dominant position. Powerful suppliers in the industry can extract higher prices from the firms that help in lowering the profitability position of company (Trigeorgis Reuer, 2017). Buyers bargaining power- The bargaining power of buyers is quite limited in the field of healthcare. They seek best and quality care from the health organizations and due to existence of fewer good players in the health industry, buyer does not enjoy a high bargaining power. Customers bargaining power can be reduced by building large customer base that helps in streamlining production process and sales of organization. Bargaining power can also be limited by making rapid innovations of new products and providing offerings on existing products (Rothaermel, 2015). Threat of substitutes- The profits of company is greatly impacted by types of services offered by other health organizations prevailing in the industry. Depending upon the types of services offered by health organizations in the industry, the threats faced varies from low to medium. If the value proposition offered by company is considerably different from the present offering of health industry, then the substitute threat is substantially higher. Existence of rivalries- There is an increased demand for health services driven by ageing and growing population of Australia. Estia faces a very intense competition in the industry in which it operates because of increasing healthcare players. Increased player in the industry is attributable to economies of scope, access to funding provided by government and usage of effective methods of controlling cost. Overall profitability of company reduces due to prevalence of increased players in the industry. Threat of new entrants- In the health industry of Australia, there are moderately high barriers because of higher cost of capital and building of new hospitals in locations that are nearby viable locations. The strategy that could be viable for new entrants to enter into this particular industry is by way of acquisition. New entrant require substantial amount of funds for acquiring diversified geographical markets (Hubbard et al., 2017). It can be concluded that new entrants would find considerable amount of difficulties unless they enter by employing appropriate strategy and have adequate capital for investment. From the analysis of aged healthcare industry of Australia, it can be inferred that the main driving force in the competitive environment is increasing growing and ageing population. Estia aged healthcare enjoys a fewer threat of new entrants due to several difficulties faced and many prerequisites for entering into industry. However, the group experiences increased competition from their rivalries due to availability of various facilities such as government funding and economies of scope. Therefore, it is required by Estia to take measures for building substantial differentiation and rather than just competing for smaller share of market, they should prefer collaboration when it seems feasible for enhancing their market size and serving old age Australian residents. Internal strategic capabilities and analysis: Estia health aged care has grown to be one of the largest aged care providers in Australia and enhance their service offerings that range from boutique services to community like villages. Strategic capabilities of organization are diagnosed by determining the four criteria that provides the basis of achieving sustainable competitive advantage (Greenspan, 2015). Values- Value network and value chain can be used to perform the diagnosis of tool that is considered valuable to customers. Value chain helps in understanding the cost position of Estia health aged care and the value of each activities that are being delivered. The primary activities of this particular health organization are to provide residents and their families in an inclusive, safe and caring environment and providing support whenever they required. On other hand, supporting activities is to make diversification across homes that make home personal to residents and providing assistance that helps in finding the right place. Homes are designed in such a way that it provides support to changing personal requirements of residents in a dignified and seamless way. Residents are involved with the activities and people they love by maintain independent and well being of hard work. Rarity- For determining the rarity criteria, it is required to perform competitor analysis of Estia Health aged care. The unique criteria of Estia compared to other healthcare providers in the Australia are that each of homes has their distinct personality. Such distinct personality represents employees and residents within along with maintaining highest clinical care standards. It is well understood by organization that Australian residents need choices and each of services and programs are designed in a way that is easily adaptable by homes for supporting the preferences and needs of residents care and their family and friends (Peteraf et al., 2014). This uniqueness feature of homes of Estia supports the rarest criteria. Inimitability- Inimitability of strategic capabilities of an organization can be explained in terms of casual ambiguity, complexity, culture, history and change. Continuous improvement is pursued by organization in all aspects of personal and health care as an effort to keep themselves ahead of competitors. Estia always indulge themselves in innovative activities for enhancing residential care of Australian residents. In recent years, no competitors of Estia have provided diversified healthcare service to residents and this diversification is far from non-imitable. The current number of operational beds offered by Estia health aged care is 2705 and total number of current facilities at 34 (estiahealth.com.au 2018). Estia that has an extensive portfolio of facilities acquires business of quality aged care service models. This acquisition provided Estia an opportunity to expand their business into Qld and market of New South Wales. Service offering by Estia has always increased and this might place small operators at competitively disadvantageous state when an appropriate aged home care is to be chosen by residents. Factors that lead to higher valuations of health care companies involves potential of selling value added items, having multiple facilities, locating facilities in areas where demands are unmet, food standards and high care, quality refurbishments, good base of nurses and ability to deve lop and scale facilities (Wheelen et al., 2017). Organizational support- Various platforms will continue to be used by Estia for their growth enhancement such as Greenfield expansion, Brownfield expansion, acquisition of single facilities that will help in meeting the acquisition criteria of Estia. Some other measures incorporate making improvement in existing operations and acquisition of new facilities intended to increase occupancy rate and revenue. The dining facilities offered by Estia are nutritionally balanced for meeting the needs of residents. Chefs that incorporate seasonal and local produce reflecting residents personal preferences create interesting options (Varabyova Mller, 2016). The lifestyle of coordinators at Estia has close association with clinical teams for ensuring that programs are tailored for meeting the needs of residents. Employees are always encouraged for supporting the interest of residents including the management, kitchen, and maintenance, clinical and domestic teams (Brooks et al., 2015). Clinical c are at Estia is an ongoing process that includes regular medication, specialist dementia care, pain management programs, high level of personal care and medical services such as pharmacy, physiotherapy, optometry, dental and podiatry. The growth of Estia has been supported by its continuous expansion during the past three years that is acquisition of Padman Healthcare and Cook care group (Ginter et al., 2018). Estia is taking advantage of the capability of changing their service lines. With increased acquisition of other healthcare providers, organization is pushing themselves for reaching new patient populations and creation of new service lines (Foss Hallberg, 2014). VRIO analysis of Estia Health aged care: Value Rare Imitable Organizational support Competitive implication Yes No Yes Yes Competitive advantage over small health care providers. It can be exploited if the competitors imitate such diversification of services. Conclusion: The healthcare industry of Australia is becoming intensely competitive due to increased number of healthcare providers. In order for organization to sustain their competitive advantage, it is required to keep upgrading their service and enhancing products and service lines. Macro environmental analysis of healthcare industry depicts that the ageing population of Australia has been attributable to increased demand in healthcare services. In a continually changing environment of high demanding expectations of age care, organizations are required to focus on strategies and practical solutions for achieving best value in terms of procurement. Analysis of strategic capabilities depict that Estia provides valuable services to its customers and their strategy of diversification of their service line is somewhat imitable. Therefore, in this regard appropriate steps should be taken to maintain and build their speciality and uniqueness. Estia Health is involved in major acquisitions that have led to its significant growth and efforts should be taken for responding to challenges they face by providing greater choice to patients, curtailing cost through process of procurement and streamlining of operations. They should be able to find opportunities for strategically sourcing products and services of aged care. Growing demand of healthcare and increasing players in healthcare market might pose threats to the business of Estia. Therefore, it is recommended to respond appropriately for sustaining their position and further increasing their market size and number of residents being served and thereby contributing to economic situation of Australia. References: Barney, J. B., Hesterly, W. (2015). Strategic management and competitive advantage concepts and cases. Pearson. Bettis, R. A., Ethiraj, S., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C., Mitchell, W. (2016). Creating repeatable cumulative knowledge in strategic management. 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